Hispanic College Enrollment Up, But Not By Enough
*Timely information, given the recent Supreme Court decision on Affirmative Action. There’s more to this story than numbers and enrollment rates. The enrollment is concentrated in community colleges and for-profit schools, and the rate of graduation remains bleak. VL
By Irene Florez, New America Media
Recent data show that nationwide Hispanic/Latino and Chicano college admissions are on the rise, with Hispanic figures now outpacing white enrollment at some schools. But Hispanic education experts say the numbers are not high enough.
Patricia Gandara, research professor and co-director of The Civil Rights Project at UCLA, and and commissioner with the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics calls the numbers “disastrous.”
“We can’t sustain an economy this way,” she said, noting that only 11 percent of Hispanic adults in California have a bachelor’s degree. “Very soon half of the graduating class [in California] will be of Hispanic origin. If they are only getting degrees at a rate of 11 percent, we are heading in the wrong direction. It is disastrous for the community and disastrous for the state.”
The Rise
Latinos continue to gain more degrees year after year. As of 2012, there were 2.4 million Hispanic 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college, representing 19 percent of all college students, compared to 12 percent in 2008. From 2001 to 2011, the number of Hispanics with a bachelor’s degree rose from 11.1 percent to 14.1 percent.
But, the rise isn’t limited to Hispanic students. In the last twenty years, Whites, Blacks, Asians/Pacific Islanders and Hispanics have all seen improvements in bachelor degree attainment rates. Nationwide, up to 60 percent of Asians/Pacific Islanders obtain at least a bachelor’s degree, compared to 40 percent for Whites, 23 percent for Blacks and 15 percent for Hispanics.
Another area of concern is the fact that in states like California and Texas, completion rates for first-time, full-time Latino freshman – 15 percent and 17 percent, respectively – continue to lag behind other groups.
Moving Forward
According to Excelencia in Education, a non-profit focusing on Latinos in higher education, for the United States to regain the top global ranking for college degree attainment, Latinos will need to earn 5.5 million more degrees by 2020.
That would go a long way toward boosting the nation’s economic and political vitality, according to one study by the Washington-based think tank Center for American Progress.
The study, which outlines the benefits enjoyed by those with at least a bachelor’s degree, shows college graduates earn more, access more opportunities, show greater rates of civic engagement and have a higher quality of life overall. The authors note that in 2006 the average annual income for a college graduate was $56,897 compared to $30,072 for a high school graduate. And that gap continues to widen for those with masters degrees versus those who hold only a bachelors.
Hans Johnson, co-director of research for the Public Policy Institute of California and author of Closing the Gap: Meeting California’s Need for College Graduates, says that California still has a long way to go. The state needs many more college graduates before it can meet labor market demands.
“When we look at Latino attainment levels we see strong progress in the first generation but that progress still leaves US-born Latinos far short of other groups in terms of college completion,” he said.
In California, Hispanics surpass white enrollment
California is home to a third of the nation’s Hispanic population. As of March of this year, California Latinos now represent 39 percent of the state population, making them the single largest ethnic group in the state.
And for the first time, the state’s premier public institution of higher education, The University of California, announced in April that it had accepted more Hispanic/Chicano students than white students. (This number was an aggregate of all Hispanic, Latino and Chicano students.)
Last year Latinos made up 27.6 percent of those admitted for the freshman class. This year, Latinos made up 28.8 percent of the 61,120 Californians admitted for this fall’s freshman class across the UC system’s nine undergraduate campuses. In total, nearly one thousand more Hispanic and Chicano students were admitted this year compared to last year.
Next year, the University of California will have even more data available about Hispanic admissions, thanks to the addition this year of more ethnic designations to their freshman application. As of 2014, UC’s application has 69 categories including Caribbean, Cuban American, Latin American Latino, Mexican American Chicano, Puerto Rican, Other Black and Other White Caucasian.
As California goes, so goes the nation
Still, experts say that the latest increase in Hispanic admissions at the University of California isn’t a surprise, and that it’s more a reflection of changing demographics already underway.
“Increasing numbers of students admitted to UC is good news but it’s also what you’d expect given the demography [and] high school graduation rates in the state,” said Johnson, of the Public Policy Institute of California.
According to Excelencia in Education, in California, Hispanic students make up over half of the K-12 population; in Texas it’s just under half. In Florida, 22 percent of children in K-12 are Hispanic. Nationally, Latino youth represent 22 percent of the K-12 public school population.
The numbers say it all
Mark Hugo Lopez, Director of Hispanic Research at PEW Research says that Hispanic college admission gains are a reflection of trends. There are more college-age Latinos and the share of Latinos finishing high school and choosing to go to college is also growing.
“These changes are more amplified when you look at young people,” he said. “Nationwide Hispanics make up 17 percent of the population, but among 18-29 year olds they make up 21 percent of the population.”
Given those numbers, Gandara says more change needs to happen to make Hispanic enrollment a more accurate reflection of the growth of the population.
This article was originally published in New America Media.
[Photo courtesy of New America Media]
